01 Chii chinonzi lithium-air mabhatiri uye lithium-sarufa mabhatiri?
① Li-air bhatiri
Iyo lithium-air bhatiri inoshandisa okisijeni seyakanaka electrode reactant uye simbi lithium seyakaipa electrode.Iine high theoretical energy density (3500wh / kg), uye simba rayo chairo rinogona kusvika 500-1000wh / kg, iyo yakakwirira zvikuru kupfuura yakajairwa lithium-ion battery system.Lithium-air mabhatiri anoumbwa neakanaka maelectrode, maelectrolyte uye maelectrode asina kunaka.Mune asiri-aqueous bhatiri masisitimu, okisijeni yakachena ikozvino inoshandiswa seyakagadziriswa gasi, saka lithium-air mabhatiri anogona zvakare kunzi lithium-oxygen mabhatiri.
Muna 1996, Abraham et al.yakabudirira kuunganidza yekutanga isiri-aqueous lithium-air bhatiri murabhoritari.Ipapo vatsvakurudzi vakatanga kuterera kune mukati me electrochemical reaction uye nzira ye-non-aqueous lithium-air mabhatiri;muna 2002, Verenga et al.akawana kuti electrochemical performance ye lithiamu-air mabhatiri yaienderana ne electrolyte solvent uye air cathode zvinhu;muna 2006, Ogasawara et al.yakashandisa Mass spectrometer, yakaratidzwa kekutanga kuti Li2O2 yakasvibiswa uye oksijeni yakasunungurwa panguva yekuchaja, iyo yakasimbisa electrochemical reversibility yeLi2O2.Naizvozvo, mabhatiri e-lithium-air akagamuchira kutariswa kwakawanda uye kukurumidza kukura.
② Lithium-sarufa bhatiri
Lithium-sarufa bhatiri ndeyechipiri bhatiri system yakavakirwa pane inodzokororwa maitiro epamusoro chaiwo sarufa (1675mAh/g) uye lithium simbi (3860mAh/g), ine avhareji yekuburitsa voltage inosvika 2.15V.Iyo theoretical simba density inogona kusvika 2600wh/kg.Zvigadzirwa zvayo zvine zvakanakira mutengo wakaderera uye kushamwaridzana kwezvakatipoteredza, saka ine hukuru hwekusimudzira.Kugadzirwa kwemabhatiri e-lithium-sarufa kunogona kuteverwa kumashure kuma1960, apo Herbert naUlam vakanyorera bhatiri patent.Iyo prototype yeiyi lithium-sarufa bhatiri yakashandisa lithium kana lithium alloy seyakaipa electrode zvinhu, sulfur seyakanaka electrode zvinhu uye inoumbwa nealiphatic saturated amines.ye electrolyte.Makore mashomanana gare gare, mabhatiri e-lithium-sulfur akavandudzwa nekuunza organic solvents yakadai sePC, DMSO, uye DMF, uye 2.35-2.5V mabhatiri akawanikwa.Pakazosvika makore ekuma1980, ethers akaonekwa kuti anobatsira mumabhatiri e-lithium-sarufa.Muzvidzidzo zvakazotevera, kuwanikwa kweether-based electrolytes, kushandiswa kweLiNO3 sechinhu chinowedzera electrolyte, uye chirevo checarbon/sulfur composite positive electrode zvakavhura tsvakiridzo yebhatiri retimu-sarufa.
02 Kushanda musimboti welithium-mhepo bhatiri uye lithium-sarufa bhatiri
① Li-air bhatiri
Zvinoenderana neyakasiyana nyika dze electrolyte inoshandiswa, lithium-air mabhatiri anogona kukamurwa kuita aqueous masisitimu, organic masisitimu, mvura-organic hybrid masisitimu, uye ese-solid-state lithium-air mabhatiri.Pakati pavo, nekuda kwekushomeka kwakananga kwemabhatiri e-lithium-mhepo anoshandisa mvura-based electrolytes, kuomerwa mukudzivirira simbi yelithium, uye kusakwanisa kudzoreredzwa kweiyo system, asiri-aqueous organic lithium-air mabhatiri uye ese-solid-state lithium-mhepo. mabhatiri ari kunyanya kushandiswa pari zvino.Tsvakurudzo.Non-aqueous lithium-air mabhatiri akatanga kukurudzirwa naAbraham naZ.Jiang muna 1996. The discharge reaction equation inoratidzwa muFigure 1. Mhedzisiro yekuchaja inopesana.Iyo electrolyte inonyanya kushandisa organic electrolyte kana yakasimba electrolyte, uye chinobuda chigadzirwa chinonyanya Li2O2, chigadzirwa hachina kunyungudika mu electrolyte, uye iri nyore kuunganidza pamhepo yakanaka electrode, inokanganisa kubuda kweiyo lithium-air bhatiri.
Lithium-air mabhatiri ane mabhenefiti e-ultra-high simba density, hushamwari kwezvakatipoteredza, uye mutengo wakaderera, asi tsvakiridzo yavo ichiri muhudiki, uye pachine matambudziko mazhinji anofanirwa kugadziriswa, senge catalysis yekuderedza oxygen reaction, the oksijeni permeability uye hydrophobicity yemhepo electrodes, uye deactivation yemhepo electrodes nezvimwe.
② Lithium-sarufa bhatiri
Lithium-sarufa mabhatiri anonyanya kushandisa elemental sulfur kana sulfur-based compounds seyakanaka electrode zvinhu zvebhatiri, uye metallic lithium inonyanya kushandiswa kune negative electrode.Munguva yekuburitsa, simbi lithium iri pane negative electrode inoshongedzwa kuti irasikirwe neelectron uye inogadzira lithium ions;ipapo maerekitironi anoendeswa kune yakanaka electrode kuburikidza nekunze kwedunhu, uye inogadzirwa lithium ions inotamirwawo kune yakanaka electrode kuburikidza ne electrolyte kuti iite nesarufa kuti iite polysulfide.Lithium (LiPSs), uye wozowedzera kuita kuti iite lithium sulfide kupedzisa kuburitsa.Panguva yekuchaja, lithium ions muLiPSs inodzokera kune negative electrode kuburikidza neelectrolyte, ukuwo maerekitironi achidzokera kune negative electrode kuburikidza nerekunze redunhu kuti agadzire lithium simbi ine lithium ions, uye LiPSs anodzikiswa kuita sarufa paiyo yakanaka electrode kuti apedze kuchaja nzira.
Iyo yekuburitsa mabhatiri e-lithium-sarufa inonyanya kuita nhanho yakawanda, yakawanda-elektrononi, yakawanda-nhanho yakaoma electrochemical reaction pane sulfur cathode, uye LiPSs ane hurefu hwakasiyana hwemaketani anoshandurwa kuita mumwe nemumwe panguva yekuchaja-kuburitsa maitiro.Panguva yekuyerera, maitiro anogona kuitika pa electrode yakanaka inoratidzwa muMufananidzo 2, uye maitiro emagetsi asina kunaka anoratidzwa mumufananidzo 3.
Zvakanakira mabhatiri e-lithium-sarufa zviri pachena, senge yakakwira kwazvo theoretical kugona;hapana okisijeni mune izvo zvinhu, uye okisijeni shanduko yekuita haizoitika, saka kuchengetedza kuita kwakanaka;sulfuri zviwanikwa zvakawanda uye elemental sarufa yakachipa;ine hushamwari hwezvakatipoteredza uye ine muchetura wakaderera.Zvisinei, mabhatiri e-lithium-sulfur anewo mamwe matambudziko akaoma, akadai se lithium polysulfide shuttle effect;iyo insulation ye elemental sulfur uye ayo anoburitsa zvigadzirwa;dambudziko rekuchinja kukuru kwevhoriyamu;iyo isina kugadzikana SEI uye matambudziko ekuchengetedza anokonzerwa ne lithium anodes;self-discharge phenomenon, nezvimwewo.
Sechizvarwa chitsva chechipiri bhatiri system, lithium-mhepo mabhatiri uye lithium-sarufa mabhatiri ane yakakwira kwazvo theoretical chaiyo kugona kukosha, uye akakwezva kutarisisa kwakawanda kubva kune vaongorori uye yechipiri bhatiri musika.Parizvino, mabhatiri maviri aya achiri kutarisana nematambudziko mazhinji esainzi uye tekinoroji.Ivo vari munhanho yekutanga yekutsvagisa yekuvandudzwa kwebhatiri.Pamusoro pehumwe hukuru uye kugadzikana kwebhatiri cathode zvinhu zvinoda kuvandudzwa, nyaya dzakakosha sekuchengetedza bhatiri dzinodawo kugadziriswa nekuchimbidza.Mune ramangwana, aya marudzi maviri matsva emabhatiri achiri kuda kuenderera mberi nekuvandudza tekinoroji kubvisa kukanganisa kwavo kuitira kuti vavhure tarisiro yakakura yekushandisa.
Nguva yekutumira: Kubvumbi-07-2023